The French connection remained strong after 1066. The Pantagenets were French and regarded English as an inferior language, and their culture of reference was France. King Richard The Lionheart, for example, spent a grand total of 6 months in England, and I think that was to raise taxes for the crusades. Most of them didn't speak English, and it was only until later that the monarchy invested culturally in England and the English. We still have an overhang of French sophistication in our attitudes today which all started with William. It is reflected in the language as well - the French chef being regarded more highly than the English word cook, and has led to differentiation of the roles into restaurant standard and bog standard.



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