For western philosophy, Plato. No question.
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For western philosophy, Plato. No question.
An accessible, modern, and somewhat relevant work is "Life, Sex, and Ideas: The Good Life Without God" a collection of philosopher A.C. Greyling's essays on various subjects from violence and abortion to literary criticism and autodidact-ism. Not radically innovative or profound like Nietzsche or Russell mentioned above, but a nice introduction to considering problems in a rational a philosophical way. An added bonus is his referencing of other notable philosopher's is a good leaping off point.
I have read all the western,eastern and western philosphers then i came across one who transcended them all. Mr wilhwelm Nietzsche. Really in terms of 'philosophy and ideas' this guy is absolutely priceless. After i read all his works i cannot even look any other philosophers work in the eye without thinking youve been debunked by freddie.
I firmly believe Nietzsche is by far the greatest pure thinker ever,better than einstein,plato,buddha and aristotle combined.
However,in terms of understanding the human condition he has to bow to Dostoevsky,and what is to his eternal credit he did...
Some have said Jiddu Krishnamurti - and I agree. Universal and limpid. He tried to be outside any tradition.
If you want every philosophy and the very nature of thought destroyed, try U.G. Krishnamurti.