Originally Posted by okmit
I believe that Darwin's mechanism for evolution doesn't doesn't explain much of what is seen under a microscope.Cells are much too complex to have evolved randomly;intelligence was required to produce them.
The word "evolution" carries many associations.Usually it means common descent--the idea that all organisms living and dead are related by common ancestry. I have no problem with the idea of common descent,and believe it explains similarities among species.By itself however,common descent doesnt explain the vast differences among species.
Thats where Darwin's mechanism comes in."Evolution" also sometimes implies that a random mutation and natural selection powered the changes in life.The idea is that just by chance an animal was born that was slightly faster or stronger than its siblings.Its descendants inherited the change and eventually won the contest of survival over the descendants of other members of the species.Over time,repetition of the process resulted in great changes--and,indeed,wholly different animals.
That's the theory.A practical difficulty,however,is that one cant test the theory from fossils.To really test the theory,one has to observe contemporary change in the wild,in the laboratory or at least reconstruct a detailed pathway that might have led to a certain adaptation.
Darwianian theory successfully accounts for a variety of modern changes.Scientists have shown that the average beak size of Galapagos finches changed in response to altered weather patterns.Likewise,the ratio of dark-to light-colored moths in England shifted when pollution made light colored moths more visible to predators.Mutant bacteria survive when they become resistant to antibiotics.These are all clear examples of natural selection in action.But these examples involve only one or a few mutations,and the mutant organism is not much different from its ancestor.Yet to account for all of life,a series of mutations would have to produce very different types of creatures.That has not yet been demonstrated.
Darwin's theory encounters its greatest difficulties when it comes to explaining the development of the cell.Many cellular systems are"irreducibly complex."That means the system needs several componets before it can work properly.An everyday example is a mouse trap,built of several pieces(platform,hammer,spring and so on.)Such a system probably cannot be put together in a Darwinian manner,gradually improving its function.You cant catch a mouse with just the platform and then catch a few more by adding the spring.All the pieces have to be in place before you catch any mice.
An example of an irreducible complex cellular system is the bacterial flagellum:a rotary propeller,powered by a flow of acid,that bacteria use to swim.The flagellum requires a number of parts before it works--a rotor,stator and motor.Furthermore,genetic studies have shown that about 40 different kinds of proteins are needed to produce a working flagellum.
The intracellular transport system is also quite complex.Plant and animal cells are divided into many discrete compartments;supplies,including enzymes and protiens,have to be shipped between these compartments.Some supplies are packaged into molecular trucks,and each truck has a key that will fit only the lock of its particular cellular destination.Other protiens act as loading docks,opening the truck and letting the contents into the destination compartment.
Many other examples could be cited. The bottom line is that the cell--the very basis of life--is staggeringly complex.Science has no answers,or partial answers,for how these systems originated.James Shapiro,a biochemist at the University of Chicago wrote,"There are no detailed Darwinian accounts for the evolution of any fundamental biochemical or cellular system,only a variety of wishful speculations."
Whenever we see interactive systems(such as a mouse trap)in the everyday world,we assume that they are the products of intelligent activity.We should extend the reasoning to cellular systems. We know of no other mechanism,including Darwin's,which produces such complexity.Only intelligence does.
Intelligent design may mean that the ultimate explanation for life is beyond scientific explanation.I dont want the best scientific explanation for life;I want the correct explanation.