US schools ban birthday cakes
A growing number of schools around the US are banning birthday cakes, saying the tradition has become too unhealthy.
Millions of students go back to school next week as their annual summer holiday comes to an end.
But one thing will be missing from classrooms across the country.
For generations American children have brought homemade cakes and cupcakes to school to celebrate birthdays with their classmates.
Like the rest of the country, children are facing what health officials call an epidemic of obesity.
The Centers for Disease Control estimate that one out of every six school-age children in the US is overweight.
The birthday cake bans are part of a wider national trend of schools discouraging sugary junk foods between classes in favour of healthier snacks, like fruits or yogurt.
But the new rules are not without controversy.
'Childhood tradition'
When one suburban school district just west of New York City tried it, the response from parents was overwhelmingly negative.
"The reaction was pretty overwhelming that this was not the way we wanted to treat kids," Kathy Meyer, a spokesperson for the Scotch Plains school district in New Jersey, said.
"Particularly elementary school parents who seem to think that the celebration of their children's birthday had become such a traditional part of classroom practice that somehow we were taking that moment of childhood from their children."
One state has even decided to offer financial incentives.
Connecticut recently passed a law giving schools 10 cents per student if they agreed to ban the sale of sugary foods, and they have compiled a 175-page list of foods that comply with the new guidelines.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5308796.stm
Second lottery win for US woman
A US woman who won $1m (£536,000) in the New York state lottery four years ago has beaten the odds by winning another $1m lottery jackpot. Valerie Wilson scooped her second $1m prize on a lottery scratch card.
Experts say that the chances of her winning both games were an incredible 1 in 3,669,120,000,000.
"The first time I couldn't believe it," the 56-year-old Long Island deli worker told the Newsday newspaper. "This time I said, 'God's on my side'."
Lottery officials say that in 2002 Ms Wilson beat odds of 1 in 5.2 million when she won the Cool Million scratch card game
Then last month she beat odds of 1 in 705,600 by winning New York lottery's Jubilee scratch card game.
According to New York state lottery officials, there have been two other double jackpot winners, who like Ms Wilson each won $1m prizes on two separate occasions.
"I lost my husband in 1993, so I went to the cemetery and thanked him," Ms Wilson told Newsday. "I figured he had something to do with it."
Ms Wilson says that the first time she won she used the money to help buy houses for her three children.
"This one is going to be for me," she said of the latest win. "I'm going to live a little bit."
Instead of getting a lump sum, Ms Wilson will get instalments of $50,000 a year for the next 20 years.
But despite her double victory Ms Wilson says she is not planning to quit her job in a local deli where she makes sandwiches and works on the till.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5331556.stm
Honours for 89-year-old student
A great-grandfather is to graduate with an honours degree in sociology, days ahead of his 90th birthday.
After six years of part-time study, widower William Cooper, 89, gained a lower-second-class degree from Wolverhampton University.
He said his last experience of formal education at Wolverhampton Grammar School in the 1920s, had prepared him well for his latest challenge.
"I was used to attending every day. So for six years, I didn't miss an hour."
'Snooze and you lose'
Mr Cooper had been retired from his job as a chief wages cashier for more than 20 years when his daughter-in-law first suggested he went to university.
"It's very difficult when you become a widower," said Mr Cooper, whose wife died in 1995.
"You can snooze in a chair all afternoon but you have to push yourself to get going."
He had already taken up cookery classes, computing and keep fit, but a sociology degree gave him the excuse for a good argument, he said.
Asked what he would do with his degree, he said: "Nothing really. It's just a thing to pass retirement.
"But I proved to myself that I was as good as the rest and I got a certain amount of satisfaction that I had not wasted my time.
"I asked a lot of questions. The young ones were rather dumb as far as speaking up was concerned, but I induced them to follow suit.
"Lecturers told me I got my degree through persistence."
'Only a whim'
Mr Cooper, of Wednesfield in Wolverhampton, said that while he could not always remember people's names, his memory was still intact and technology had not proved an obstacle.
"I'm computer literate. We had computers where I worked in the 70s, although they were huge."
The degree cost Mr Cooper £4,000.
"I suppose it's only fair that people like me pay who are not going to give anything back. It's only really a whim."
Once next week's graduation ceremony and the following month's birthday celebrations are over, Mr Cooper is considering an Alpha Bible study course.
"So I can prepare for the next life," he said.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/5320852.stm
Seeing the teenager in the brain
Now we know why the surly teenager storms off in a huff after being told to tidy their bedroom.
Adolescents do not put the part of the brain that considers others' feelings to full use, scientists have found.
It seems our neural decision-making processes mature quite slowly, and researchers think this might help to explain typical teenage behaviour.
The adolescent brain undergoes massive changes and does not reach maturity until 20 or 30 years old.
Details of the study were reported here at the British Association's annual Science Festival.
"The brain is pre-programmed to undergo massive changes during adolescence," Sarah-Jayne Blakemore of University College London told the meeting.
Movie matters
Dr Blakemore and her team used a sophisticated fMRI scanner to measure the brain activity of teenagers between 11 and 17, and young adults between 21 and 37.
The fMRI technique measures blood flow in different brain areas, and can identify "hotspots" where a lot of activity is taking place.
The volunteers were asked to think about what they would do in certain situations that involved their own actions.
For example, the researchers might say: "You want to go to the cinema. Do you look at the newspaper?"
When thinking about what they would do, both age groups used the same neural pathway; but different parts of the pathway were most active in the two groups.
Adults used a brain area towards the front of the pathway, called the medial prefrontal cortex, to come up with their answers. Adolescents showed more brain activity in the superior temporal sulcus - an area at the rear.
"The superior temporal sulcus is usually used in making simple actions, or watching other people make actions," said Dr Blakemore. "We think adolescents are performing this task by simply thinking about the action they're going to take.
"The part of the brain that the adults are using more is involved in much higher level thinking, such as thinking about the consequences of your actions in terms of other peoples' emotions and feelings."
Immature minds
As a control, the study subjects were asked questions that did not involve their own actions, such as, "It's been raining hard. Does the ground get warmer?"
These questions activated brain networks in a similar way in both groups.
The new research shows that hormones may not be fully to blame for typical teenage behaviour.
Teenage brains undergo large structural changes during adolescence, and do not reach full maturity until at least 20 or 30 years of age.
"If you're making decisions about how you treat teenagers, socially and legally, you need to take this new research into account," said Dr Blakemore.
"The brain of, for example, a typical 15-year-old boy is very much still developing; he's a very different person from himself at 25. His brain is very different."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5327550.stm
Madrid bans waifs from catwalks
Madrid fashion week, one of Spain's most prestigious shows, is banning underweight models on the basis of their body mass index (BMI). UN health experts recommend a BMI of between 18.5 and about 25, and some models may fall well below the minimum.
The Spanish Association of Fashion Designers has decided to ban models who have a BMI of less than 18.
Unhealthily skinny models at last year's fashion shows led to protests from doctors and women's rights groups.
The association agreed to use the BMI - a calculation based on height and weight - in response to local government pressure.
It suggests that 30% of would-be participants fail this test and this year's fashion week, which begins on 18 September, will offer medical treatment to excessively thin models.
Outrage
"The restrictions could be quite a shock to the fashion world at the beginning but I'm sure it's important as far as health is concerned," Leonor Perez Pita, director of the Madrid fashion show, was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency.
Madrid's local government says it wants to set a more positive, healthy image of beauty for teenagers to follow.
"Fashion is a mirror and many teenagers imitate what they see on the catwalk," said regional official Concha Guerra.
Spain's Anorexia and Bulimia Association says if designers refuse to follow these voluntary restrictions the government should legislate to ban thin models.
However, some sections of the fashion world have expressed outrage at the idea of weight restrictions.
Cathy Gould, of New York's Elite modelling agency, said the fashion industry was being used as a scapegoat for weight-related illnesses.
"I understand they want to set this tone of healthy beautiful women but what about discrimination against the model and what about the freedom of the designer?" she asked, adding that the careers of naturally "gazelle-like" models could be damaged.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5341202.stm
Body washes up on CSI: Miami set
The set of CSI: Miami became a real-life police investigation scene when a body washed up during filming. An off-duty police officer working on the set was alerted to a body floating in Bicentennial Park.
An autopsy will be carried out but police are not treating the death as suspicious at this time.
Earlier in the week a mummified body was found inside a building in Los Angeles where spin-off drama CSI: New York was being filmed.
The cast and crew of CSI: Miami were filming offshore to get aerial shots from a helicopter when the body was spotted.
"Unfortunately, it's not unusual during certain times of the year that people who have fallen in the bay, either homeless people or people who were asleep or in some cases boaters who had a mishap, fall into the bay and turn up days later," said Detective Delrish Moss.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5353704.stm
Man bites panda after zoo attack
A drunken Chinese tourist says he bit a panda who attacked him after he jumped into a zoo enclosure to "hug" the bear. Zhang Xinyan, 35, had drunk four draught beers before deciding to enter the Beijing Zoo pen belonging to six-year-old male panda Gu Gu.
The startled Gu Gu bit both legs of his intruder, who responded by biting "the panda on its back", Mr Zhang was quoted by state media as saying.
Mr Zhang said he had not realised pandas could be violent.
He told the Beijing Morning Post that he had come to the Chinese capital "only to see the pandas".
"The seven-hour train ride was exhausting, and I drank bottles of beer when I arrived then had a nap," he added.
Punishment
The newspaper said Mr Zhang had a "sudden urge" to touch Gu Gu with his hand, so he jumped over the waist-high railing into the enclosure.
"When he got closer and was undiscovered, he reached out to hug it," the newspaper added.
Mr Zhang was bitten first on his right leg, and then on his left.
Newspaper photographs showed him lying on a hospital bed with blood-soaked bandages over his legs.
"I bit the panda on its back but its fur was too thick," Mr Zhang recalled.
He went on: "No one ever said they would bite people. I just wanted to touch it."
Zoo spokeswoman Ye Mingxia said the panda was unharmed and they were not considering punishing Mr Zhang yet.
"He's suffered quite a bit of a shock," she told the Associated Press by telephone.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asi...ic/5364058.stm
Jerusalem is lost in translation
Tourism officials in Israel did little to sell the city of Jerusalem as a must-see for visitors when a brochure suggested it did not exist. The sightseeing pamphlet was translated from Hebrew and should have read: "Jerusalem - there's no city like it!".
But instead the slogan in English read: "Jerusalem - there's no such city!", reported the Israeli newspaper Maariv.
Tens of thousands of the leaflets were distributed before the Jerusalem municipality realised its mistake.
The flyers were promoting a musical and arts festival held in the city in August.
Gidi Shermling, spokesman for the Jerusalem municipality, said: "The flyer was apparently translated by someone outside the municipality. In new publications this mistake has been removed."
Israel currently claims sovereignty over the entire city of Jerusalem, and claims it as its capital, after capturing East Jerusalem from Jordan in the 1967 war.
That claim is not recognised internationally and East Jerusalem is considered to be occupied territory.
Palestinians hope to establish the capital of an independent state in East Jerusalem.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/mid...st/5364192.stm
British pupils 'cannot locate UK'
One in five British children cannot find the UK on a map of the world, a magazine's research suggests. National Geographic Kids said it also found fewer than two thirds of children were able to correctly locate the US.
The magazine, which questioned more than 1,000 six to 14-year-olds, said it found several London children did not know they lived in England's capital.
Teachers' union the NASUWT said the findings were "nonsense" and did not reflect staff and pupils' hard work.
National Geographic Kids also discovered 86% of the children interviewed failed to identify Iraq and one in 10 could not name a single continent.
Boys seemed to show a slightly better geographical knowledge than girls, with 65% able to locate a number of countries around the world compared with 63% of girls.
Scottish children appeared to be the most geographically aware with 67% able to point out the most countries, out of England, the US, France, China and Iraq, on a world map.
Professor Alan Smithers, director of the Centre for Education and Employment Research at Buckingham University, said the findings were "rather frightening".
"These results underline the need for education to concentrate on the essentials.
"How are children going to be able to get as much out of their life if they fail to have an understanding of the shape of the world?"
Compulsory geography
The Department for Education and Skills said geography was a compulsory subject on the National Curriculum for five to 14-year-olds.
A spokesman said all 14-year-olds should be taught to use atlases and globes, as well as learning about places and environments in the world.
Chris Keates, general secretary of the NASUWT, said: "The constant desire for groups to produce statistics to do down the English education system is quite appalling and does nothing to recognise the excellent work of children and staff."
The magazine carried out the study to mark its UK launch and highlight "gaps in children's geographical knowledge".
Environmentalist David Bellamy said the world was still an undiscovered place for many children.
"Making geography fun and exciting is so important because it makes children aware of the importance of caring for the environment and, by learning about the world, it helps bring other people's worlds and cultures closer to their own."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6074202.stm