Originally Posted by
JBI
Well, I think the reason is female authors have been undercutting genre conventions for a while, in order to open sci-fi and fantasy up for female audiences - Terry Brooks, for instance, is not so marketable toward females, whereas Monica Hughes wrote specifically for females, or Terry Goodkind I would think would have no appeal to females unless they are some sort of sado-masochistic fetishists, but Mercedes Lackey perhaps does.
If you look at the romance novel though, the people who best undermine the genre are women, writing for other women (since it generally is women who read books and not men), and for critical audiences. So, for instance, "The Beggar Maid" from Alice Munro's Who do you Think you Are? works to undermine the romance, but that doesn't undermine the gender of the genre, merely the genre in itself.
The whole genre of novels, as I mentioned before, is dominated by female audiences, and has a strong history of being so - only the literary novel has shown any real sense of not being "women's literature", historically, and now the emergence of the genre novel, the thriller, and the sci-fi, has perhaps begun to undermine traditional audiences - but lets be honest. IF I were to write a feminist narrative, in a fantasy setting, generally it would either be marketed for females, or for both sexes. If I were to write a feminist undercutting of Chick Lit, then the book would be marketed toward females, generally feminists.
In a sense it has to do with agenda - if I write a book that in essence has equality amongst the sexes in mind during the composition, and therefore does not aestheticize any binary, by featuring the women as damsels in distress, or medusas/succubi, and the men as knights in shining armor/ or cruel women-torturing/women imprisoning villains, then it generally would be a text that is marketed to both sexes, if it is from a male perspective, or to women, if it is from the female perspective.
If I were to write a misogynist romance though, if it featured a female as the protagonist, it would be marketed towards females, and generally if it featured a male, depending on the degree of it, it would be marketed to both sexes, or to males.
This is all a rough generalization, but it is essentially how it works - I can't really construct from memory much, on the popular front, of divergence from the pattern - J K Rowling, for instance, took off the actual first name from her book jacket for the sake of not appearing female, in order to scare away male audiences.
Of course, in literary circles, none of this exists - literary novels feature both genders, writing from both perspectives, in many cases. If I read Jane Austen, it is considered normal, but if I read Nora Roberts, it is considered eccentric - I can read Margaret Lawrence, but I cannot with a straight face read Kathleen E. Woodiwiss. The reason is how women are treated in these books.
Take for instance, Nora Roberts. She said herself, "The books are about the celebration of falling in love and emotion and commitment, and all of those things we really want."
So what exactly is she saying - this romance is exactly what women want, or we are creating what women want to sell them this fantasy?
The plot of the Romance has essentially been boiled down to 3 things. The man, the virgin and the whore. The man is rich, sexually dominant, and good looking, and ends up needing to choose between the two women. The virgin is not interested in the money, is beautiful but doesn't know it, and is ultimately helpless against the power of the man, yet fights to beat the whore, who she beats by being true to her feelings, and being the "virgin". The whore on the other hand, has sex, loves money, and flaunts her sexuality, and as a result, does not capture the eye of the man, even though the virgin may think at one point that he has taken up with her, we always learn that he has been in love with the virgin the whole time.
That is essentially the romance novel in a nutshell - now, add some different sets of scenery, some names, articles of clothing, and some events where the characters meet, and you've got yourself a novel.
So, in a sense, what is being sold is a sort of 1950s gender conception - a dated sort of post-war preoccupation that essentially blew up in the 60s and 70s, yet still forms itself in these books.
The reason they are perhaps so successful then, can be attributed to the removal of time between now and the 50s. Women's issues have become historical discourse in many cases, rather than contemporary issues - Abortion, for instance, which was seen as a women's rights issue, now is seen as a religious/political issue. Birth control is taken for granted, freedom in the workforce expected, yet the fantasy continues, persisting, suggesting that we can return to the past, and it will be all lovey dovey.
The fantasy reconstructs the gender, outside of the real issues, in order to reshape the perceptions of females - how that works, well, it is an old genre, and people are told reading is good, so they read these, and get all sorts of ideas in their heads, then go watch a Julia Roberts film, or whatever, and read their cosmo magazines, and whatnot, and figure this fantasy exists outside of a frame, and that wouldn't it be nice to have this knight in shining armor come with his money, and go for me, the less pretty, virgin type, who goes to church, where, she is told this is the virtuous way to behave anyway?
Now, if we were to look for a male equivalent, what could we possibly find? Well, for one it would need to play into two things - sports, and violence, the two male stereotypes. For sports, well, we have that - a long slew of sports books and movies, especially football ones, and for violence, well, generally that works in fantasy, sci-fi, and militaristic fiction. IF you throw in some women, behaving in a sort of male misogynist fantasy, constructed out of pornography, and "men's magazines" then you probably have found the perfect formula - of course, men have generally been allowed to develop outside of the gender definition than women for longer, so I guess a single formula doesn't work, and you are left with variants, like Goodkind, who I would argue appeals to males who have a sort of sick perverse concept of the female, since they were probably rejected/lack the ability to capture the attention of any women, and are probably loserish sort of people, whereas something like Tom Clancy could perhaps appeal to a sort of person who thinks of himself as some sort of macho man.