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The Atheist
05-29-2010, 06:53 PM
It just might be.

I refer to the astonishing news that Dr Craig Venter has manufactured a synthetic bacterium which replicated itself.

While he has come nowhere near cracking the problem of abiogenesis, what has done is quite amazing.

It's hard to find an unbiased article on the work, so I'll try to give an objective precis of what he's actually done. No doubt some of our resident biologists can weigh in as well.

Dr Venter and his associates have synthesised a genome, using genetic splicing techniques to create a strand of DNA which is both novel and man-made - it does not exist in nature - and which is relatively "programmable" in that we will be able to choose which traits to retain or reject.

This new DNA/genome has then been inserted into a bacterium whose own DNA had been removed. That new bacterium has replicated itself in the exact manner that bacteria do, meaning that we have created a bacterium which we may be able to program to make useful organisms. The prime use will be in enabling medical scientists to create vaccines faster and more cheaply than at present, while other potential uses could be:

A bacteria which produces oxygen.
A bacteria which produces oil.
A bacteria which consumes toxic waste and produces non-toxic excretions.

These are all fairytale-fiction still at the moment, but the potential is enormous.

Many reports have shouted that Dr Venter has "created life", which is not technically correct as he still needed to insert the code into a cell which had been alive to get it to replicate, which DNA does not do on its own.

Others have shouted out the deadly potential of such organisms, and while there may be a point to these fears, the genie has been out of the bottle for some time in terms of genetic modification and no tomatoes have attacked anyone yet. Comments like:
"We must ensure that strong regulations are in place to protect the environment and human health from this potentially dangerous new technology," said Eric Hoffman of Friends of the Earth. (from Reuters (http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64P6OZ20100526)) are a bit pointless.

Still others shout about how this affects theism. The Telegraph (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/7753609/Craig-Venters-research-is-scary-but-not-in-the-way-you-think.html), from UK, rather naively states: "The universe is a bleak and comfortless place when life's essence is just a sequence of chemicals." I doubt many theists are losing sleep over it, becasue atheists have been pointing out for many years that life is just a sequence of chemicals anyway. Them being proved right won't make many theists lose sleep, I imagine.

Whichever way, there is still a lot of work to be done, but I do feel that in time, this will be seen as a turning point for biology and humankind.

What are your thoughts/concerns?

OrphanPip
05-29-2010, 07:04 PM
Haha, I posted the news on this when it was fresh from Science's website :p.

Venter's current long-term goal for the use of this technology is to produce algae with a higher yield for bio-fuel production. He's got up to 450M from Exxon for the project if he meets the deadlines. Considering this is the guy who trounced the international Human Genome Project in 3 years with shot-gun sequencing, he might just be able to do it.

Because this is Craig Venter, the research is going to be poopoo'd by a lot of the scientific community, who see him as a money hungry opportunist.

What is impressive isn't so much the producing viable bacteria from a transferred genome, but that he was able to assemble a synthetically produced chromosome. Theoretically this research could provide a means for large scale genetic engineering of bacteria. Right now we're limited to mutagenesis and plasmids for genetic manipulation. When this technology becomes refined and cost effective, it will do great things.

Not sure if it's more important than genetic sequencing, or antibiotics though haha.

Dodo25
05-29-2010, 07:23 PM
What are your thoughts/concerns?

I knew this was coming, I'm thrilled it happened so soon. I too think that the journalist coverage is terrible, it's a shame that there are so few science journalists that understand what they're talking about.

I never got the point about 'containment' of genetically modified organisms. Of course it can disturb the environment, but the same thing can happen if you put a species from Europe to Australia. What's this paranoia about genetic engineering all about?

OrphanPip
05-29-2010, 07:29 PM
For a link to this forum, one of the watermarked sequences inserted into the genome was an amino acid sequence that spells out a quote from Joyce's Portrait, lol.

For those interested in reading the original study:

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/science.1190719

JBI
05-29-2010, 07:32 PM
I wonder if the military funded the research.

OrphanPip
05-29-2010, 07:37 PM
I wonder if the military funded the research.

It was funded by the US department of Energy or something like that, because of the bio-fuel related purpose of the research.

Edit: Venter is a tricky bastard and he cites his financing as coming from Synthetic Genomics Inc. which he also owns and runs.

"We thank Synthetic Genomics, Inc. for generous funding
of this work. We thank J. B. Hostetler, D. Radune, N. B.
Fedorova, M. D. Kim, B. J. Szczypinski, I. K. Singh, J. R.
Miller, S. Kaushal, R. M. Friedman, and J. Mulligan for
their contributions to this work. Electron micrographs
were generously provided by T. Deerinck and M. Ellisman
of the National Center for Microscopy and Imaging
Research at the University of California at San Diego.
J.C.V. is Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Scientific
Officer of SGI. H.O.S. is Co-Chief Scientific Officer and
on the Board of Directors of SGI. C.A.H. is Chairman of
the SGI Scientific Advisory Board. All three of these
authors and JCVI hold SGI stock. JCVI has filed patent
applications on some of the techniques described in this
paper."

Edit2:

PZ Myers from The Panda's Thumb wrote a great layman's explanation of the research.

http://pandasthumb.org/archives/2010/05/its-alive.html#more

JuniperWoolf
06-01-2010, 11:44 PM
Just yesterday I was reading about all of the things that scientists hypothesize a man-made bacterium could do in the future, and it made me feel like hugging Craig Venter.

This still doesn't settle my mind about abiogenesis though, because like you said he didn't actually make a lifeform from abiotic scratch. It doesn't really effect theology yet.

The Atheist
06-02-2010, 12:41 AM
Just yesterday I was reading about all of the things that scientists hypothesize a man-made bacterium could do in the future, and it made me feel like hugging Craig Venter.

He actually looks the huggable type as well - he's quite teddy-bearish.


This still doesn't settle my mind about abiogenesis though, because like you said he didn't actually make a lifeform from abiotic scratch.

Correct, although the jump keeps getting smaller. We have RNA that self-replicates, and now a synthetic bacteris that self-replicates - it can't be too long until they figure out how to marry the two steps. It's still chemical reaction; just an extremely complicated one.


It doesn't really effect theology yet.

Yes and no.

Some versions of christianity claim that all forms of life have "something special" and I have spoken with quite senior theologians who swear that even simple forms of life are proof of god's work.

Well, we now have a life form which is man-made, so it doesn't have any special input from a god.

Whatever happens, they'll just change the rules to suit their beliefs, so I don't believe any of this, including full abiogenesis would matter.