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timex500
10-11-2007, 01:44 AM
I'm writing an essay for World Literature and I need help with my argument. When I read it myself it reads really weak. The essay so far.:(

Roman culture valued the community's greater goal than that of the Greek culture which valued the goals of the individual. Romans understand living for the community works for the society and not for the individual, sacrificing the individual's own goals for the better of the community makes them the better society in terms of virtue. Greek culture encouraged individuals to seek their own fame to reach eternal fame and fortune. But the fact can only be that every Greek and Roman citizen go to the same place when they die, Hades (Hell). In their (The Greeks) journey for immortality, they speed through their life, not experiencing the love of a wife, raising a family and to see their children grow into adults. Regardless of their destiny or their fate they all enter into eternal damnation in Hades. The Romans and the Greeks each had their own values (virtues). Greeks, their kleos which means the attempt to attain great fame which can grant a man immortality. Romans have pietas which is duty to family , the gods and the father, the veneration of their society. Kleos compared to pietas brings into question the argument of which one values society, and in turn assisting the survival of that cultures civilization. An example, when five individuals all go after three gold bars, eventually greed will lead to anger and the death of all of them except for the last man standing. Instead of these five individuals working together to acquire the three gold bars, they examine their own desires and disregard the potential for the success of all them. They fail because of their own desires and their disregard for the will of the people which can benefit them. Relating this the Odyssey and the Aeneid, one author chose to depict their main character as selfish, their denial of their own fate and the latter author was commissioned to depict a strong character that embraced his fate, his duty to the god's will.

ReynardtheFox
10-11-2007, 06:23 AM
Examples sir.
1) Perhaps the greatest example of this move from traditional Greek Hero to Roman one is seen in Book 2 of the Aeneid. Aeneas is charging around burning Troy about to destroy any Greeks he can find but is warned off by the spirit of his dead wife. He is told to protect his son and father from destruction, and that his line will eventually found glorious Rome. To not die with honour in combat is the total antithesis of Homeric kleos, but shows Aeneas embracing the new Roman virtues of filias (fidelity) and pietas (he takes the time to take his household gods from his house during).
2) Another example is in the Underworld - Aeneas sees the march of the great Romans that will come in the future and comes to the realisation that his purpose is to make sure Rome comes about. A sense of duty outside personal glory again.
3) While Odysseus does have a duty to his men, he fails them entirely. After all, he is the only one that makes it back home alive - and it is his actions that lead to a number of their deaths eg. Going into Polyphemus' cave and eating cheese uninvited, driving his men past Scylla and Charybdis even though he knows some of them will die.

The emphasis is different - the Roman propoganda within the Aeneid (in the underworld) is that Romans are not artists, nor individualsts, but are the people chosen to bring order to the world. To give mercy to the weak and war on the proud. This really into juxtaposition in religion is that Greek religion wass based on appeasement. Honour the gods or get smashed eg. Agamemnon stepping on red carpets - hubris leading to nemisis - in Aeschylus' Agamemnon. The Roman gods were on Rome's side. Example - on Aeneas' shield their is a passage describing Augustus vs. Mark Anthony - Roman divinity on Augustus' side, evil pagan spirits from the East on Mark Anthony's side. Clear division of holy versus corrupt - from a Roman standpoint anyway.

Hope that helps, but if you need anything more specific let me know.

Peace.