Excellent book. Just finished reading it. One thing I found interesting was the theme about abandonment/death of the innocents by their parents. Arkadiy's room is described as being like a coffin. There is a brief episode where a woman abandons her baby and Arkadiy finds a home for it but then it dies. The baby is described lying in a coffin.
Perhaps you could say that Dostoevskiy was pointing out that, as he notes in proloque, that youth are the next generation and that poor parenting was destroying Russia.